This page is specifically designed to go with Chapter 15 of the Chemistry Matter and Change Textbook. However, it will help anyone studying solutions and mixtures. If you have any questions or suggestions on how to improve this page, please email Marci@RegalLessons.com.
Mixtures
A mixture is a combination of multiple particles that can be physically separated, as opposed to molecules which need to be chemically separated. There are two main categories of mixtures: homogenous and heterogeneous. Homogeneous mixtures (solutions) have a uniform distribution of particles, meaning they are the same throughout. Heterogenous mixtures (colloids and suspensions) have an uneven distribution of particles, meaning some particle types are more concentrated in certain areas.
Solutions
Solutions are a type of homogenous mixtures because their solute particles are evenly mixed in the solvent. They have the smallest particle size of the three mixtures we discuss on this page. An example is sugar water.
Colligative Properties
When you add solute you lower the vapor pressure, increase the boiling point, decrease the freezing point, and change the osmotic pressure of the solvent.
Suspensions
Suspensions are a type of heterogenous mixture. They have the largest solute particle size of the mixtures we discuss on this page. These particles won’t stay mixed in a solvent and quickly separate after stirring. Light easily passes through them. An example is oil with water.
Colloids
Colloids are a type of heterogenous mixture that have medium solute particles. Light does not easily pass through them. An example is mayonnaise in water.
Brownian Motion
In colloids, the solute constantly moves and collides with the solvent, so the two become evenly mixed.
Tyndall Effect
In colloids, the large solute particles refract light and cause the light to scatter, so light does not easily pass though them.
Beer-Lambert’s Law
For the Tyndall Effect, the more concentrated the solute, the more light is scattered.
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If you need more explanation, watch this Will Nye video! If you think you know it, quiz yourself with this Quizlet!
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